MITOMAP: Reported Mitochondrial DNA Base Substitution Diseases: rRNA/tRNA mutations

Last Edited: May 29, 2025

The GB frequency data in Mitomap is derived from 61844 GenBank sequences with size greater than 15.4kbp and 80288 Control Region sequences with size 0.4-1.6kbp. These sequences have been pre-loaded into Mitomaster and represent almost all haplogroups known to date. We will be updating and refining this set of sequences on a regular basis. As a caveat, please note that GenBank sequences may not be of equal quality (Yao, et al, 2009), that some of these sequences are from individuals with past, current or future disease, and that this portion of our data set has not been hand-curated by Mitomap.

For more details about the current GenBank sequence set, please see https://www.mitomap.org/MITOMAP/GBFreqInfo.

For information about the predictive MitoTIP scoring for tRNA variants, see MitoTIP Info.

Locus	Disease	Allele	RNA	Homo-plasmy	Hetero-Plasmy	Status	References

MM:TableData:MM

* FL: full length sequences, CR: control reqion sequences

Notes:

LHON	Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy	MM	Mitochondrial Myopathy
AD	Alzeimer's Disease	LIMM	Lethal Infantile Mitochondrial Myopathy
ADPD	Alzeimer's Disease and Parkinsons's Disease	MMC	Maternal Myopathy and Cardiomyopathy
NARP	Neurogenic muscle weakness, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa; alternate phenotype at this locus is reported as Leigh Disease	FICP	Fatal Infantile Cardiomyopathy Plus, a MELAS-associated cardiomyopathy
MELAS	Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes	LDYT	Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and DYsTonia
MERRF	Myoclonic Epilepsy and Ragged Red Muscle Fibers	MHCM	Maternally inherited Hypertrophic CardioMyopathy
CPEO	Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia	KSS	Kearns Sayre Syndrome
DM	Diabetes Mellitus	DMDF	Diabetes Mellitus + DeaFness
CIPO	Chronic Intestinal Pseudoobstruction with myopathy and Ophthalmoplegia	DEAF	Maternally inherited DEAFness or aminoglycoside-induced DEAFness
PEM	Progressive encephalopathy	SNHL	SensoriNeural Hearing Loss

• Homoplasmy = pure mutant mtDNAs.
• Heteroplasmy = mixture of mutant and normal mtDNAs.
• nd = not determined.
• "Reported" status indicates that one or more publications have considered the mutation as possibly pathologic. This is not an assignment of pathogenicity by MITOMAP but is a report of literature. Previously, mutations with this status were termed "Prov" (provisional).
• "Cfrm"(confirmed) status indicates that at least two or more independent laboratories have published reports on the pathogenicity of a specific mutation. These mutations are generally accepted by the mitochondrial research community as being pathogenic. A status of "Cfrm" is not an assignment of pathogenicity by MITOMAP but is a report of published literature. Researchers and clinicians are cautioned that additional data and/or analysis may still be necessary to confirm the pathological significance of some of these mutations.
• "P.M." (point mutation/polymorphism) status indicates that some published reports have determined the mutation to be a non-pathogenic polymorphism.